Sporangial plant with conspicuous woody stipe topped by numerous blades and sporophylls. Holdfast stout and branched. The haptera intertwined but compact; stipe nearly round at base, becoming flattened above, very dark brown, almost black, 1-2 m long, rough and rigid, the upper portions containing many mucilage ducts; blades entire when young, later becoming toothed along margins and corrugate on surface; blades of mature plants golden olive, more or less longitudinally grooved, lanceloate with variable denticulations along margin, some of these to over 4 cm long, 1 cm broad; sporophylls born on partial blades 30-50 per blade; sori irregular in shape, covering most of surface of each sporophyll. SAMPLING CODE NOTES: EARR = Recruit, stipe < 30 CM; EIAR = Adult, stipe > 30 cm; EIHO = Holdfast;

Saxicolous.

Low intertidal to subtidal 10 m; British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, Mexico.